End of the Line- MOVIE

Big question: Why should we humans be concerned of overfishing?

                     * Because people are losing jobs after the cod fishery collapsed 

                     * Fish are dying and becoming endangered! 

                     * Important resourceful fish breeds are dying

1. What are the "Big Five" fish the majority of us eat?

    * Cod, Haddock, Tuna, Salmon, and Prawns

2. What is the reason for not eating sharks or other DEEPwater fish?

    * they tend to be slow growing, long-lived species which means they at extremely vulnerable to over-exploitation.

 

3. What are some "fish to eat," "fish to eat occasionally," and "fish to avoid?"

    * some fish to eat are usually from sustainable stocks or farms, or resilient to fishing pressure. 

    * some fish to eat OCCASIONALLY are lower resilience, and at risk of being sustainable. Also,

      they are probably recovering from previous exploitation.

    * some fish to avoid are Unsustainable, overfished, and poorly managed fisheries have messed up

      their cycle.

Marine Anthropods

1. What are examples of Maine anthropod's?

2.What's the difference between an anthropod's skeleton and a human? 

    *The animal lacks an internal skeleton and when they go thru their growing period, their exoskeleton sheds. Humans do not acquire this trait as our skeletons grow with our body.

3.Compare/contrast how anthropods and humans move blood in their circulatory systems.

   *

4.how do the eyes of anthropods differ from your eyes?

5.How do humans use marine anthropods?

Marine Science Words of Wisdom

Blue crabs start off life as not so attractive microscopic plankton.  In its life, a Chesapeake Bay Blue crab will molt 20-25 times, increasing its size by as much as 1/4 to 1/3 with each molt until it becomes the beautiful adult blue crabs we know and love.

Life lesson from a Blue Crab:  It may take a long time and a lot of changes to become the beautiful thing you were meant to be…stick with it…God has an amazing plan He is working to His perfection!

Nine Major Animal Phyla

The nine major phyla are:


1. Phylum Porifera - The Sponges
2. Phylum Coelenterata – The Coelenterates: jellyfish, hydras, corals

3. Phylum Platyhelminthes – The Flatworms: planaria, tapeworms

4. Phylum Nematoda – The Roundworms

5. Phylum Annelida – The Segmented Worms: earthworm, leech, sandworm

6. Phylum Arthropoda – The Arthropods: insects, spiders, crustaceans

7. Phylum Mollusca – The Mollusks: clams, snails, oysters, octopus

8. Phylum Echinodermata – The Echinoderms: sea stars, sea urchins

9. Phylum Chordata – The Chordates: fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, mammals

• The types of habitats they can be found in are salt water, fresh water, and terrestrial.

• Some species dont have digestive systems, but those who do either have a complete or incomplete one.
• I have seen birds in the shy flying by as an example of a species in a phyla

Energy Flows Through Ecosystems

1. How does light and nutrients affect productivity in the oceans?

* Light penetrates the higher level of the ocean and causing photosynthesis to occur there.



2. What factors affect the ability of an ecosystem to support multiple tropic levels?

* The amount of energy , energy loss between tropic levels, and form, structure, and physiology of organisms at each level affect the ability of an ecosystem to support multiple tropic levels.



3. Describe the process bio accumulation, and describe the DDT example.

* The process of Bioaccumulation is where contaminants build up the food web and threaten higher level organisms. For example, DDT built up in Eagles around the 60's and eventually messed up their reproduction essentially thinning the eggs causing the mothers to crush them without intent.

Energy Flows Through Ecosystems

1. A.) Some examples of primary producers are phytoplankton, plants, algae, and certain bacteria.

B.) They are using solar energy to produce organic plant material through photosynthesis.

2. A.) The second tropic level is made up of herbivores.

B.) They get their energy source from eating plants.

3. Predators make up the third tropic level because they eat second tropic level animals and other small predators.

Animal Habitats of San Diego Bay

1. What are the Natural resources of SD Bay?
* Salt Marsh, tidal flats, bird nesting, foraging sites, eelgrass beds, and nine federal and state listed endangered or threatened species


2. What is an invasive species, and how would they have been introduced in SD Bay?
* Those that evolved elsewhere and whom caused harm to our health, environment, or economy. They came from fishery, boat hulls, or spread through dispersal.


3. What is an endangered species? What is one endangered species of SD Bay? What is being done to protect this species?
* Species close to extinction. They keep a close eye on predators and " attribute the higher productivity to the enhanced habitat quality."

Introduction to San Diego Bay

Source - http://goo.gl/g4rLt

1. San Diego Bay is... Located in San Diego County, CA near the U.S Mexico border. It is the third largest of the protected natural bays in California measuring at 12 mi. Long and 1-3 mi. Wide.

2. What types of activities occur on the bay? The Big Bay Boom on July 4th and the Feb 2011 "Parade of Flight"

3. How and where on the Bay is salt made? The shallow southern end of the bay, where salt is extracted from evaporation ponds

4. Where is the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge complex located? San Diego County and Orange County

5. What is the purpose of the San Diego National Wildlife? To preserve and protect rare birds of Southern California

Ocean Water and Climate Change

1. Which is more dense: Ocean Water or Fresh Water, and why?

* ocean water is more dense because sea water contains salt which is more dense than normal water.

2. How would global warming change water at the poles and the equator?

* it can effect storm formation by decreasing the temperature difference between the poles and the equator

Surface Water & Global Temperatures

1. Thermal Inertia: San Francisco & Norfolk, Virginia are on the same altitude. Why would Norfolk, compared to San Francisco, have warmer summers and cooler winters?

* Because air n San Francisco has moved over the ocean, while air in Norfolk has approached over land.

2. Describe the different ways temperatures are "moderated" on earth. Without moderate temperatures, earth could not support life as we know it.

*Liquid water at the surface
*Distance from ocean
*Water Vapor
*Higher humidities = moderate temperatures

The Thermal Characteristics of Water

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS pg.156-159


1. Are heat and temperature the same or different? Why?
It is similar because heat determines the temperature, yet it is different because heat depends on the size and mass, while temperature change can be in ANY environment.

2. What is the heat capacity of water?
1gm of water requires 1 calorie of heat to raise its temperature by 1 degree celsius. This is referred to as Specific Heat

3. How is the heat capacity of water unique?
It can hold very large amounts of specific heat!

4. How does water's temperature affect its density?
The warmer the water is, the less dense. The colder the water is, the more dense.

The Chemistry of Water

1. The way water molecules are bonded, each hydrogen nucleus is bound to the central oxygen atom by a pair of e- that are shared between them.

2. The negative charge at the end of a molecule exerts attractions to e- showing the positive and negative charges of water and how they are distributed.

3. Due to surface tension, since the light molecules touch water averaging out to zero, there is no net force on the molecule.

4. I found that the fact that water has the ability to change from a liquid to a solid, also change colors from blue, to white and becoming harder, it's very unique about water and its density.

Sediment Cores and History

1. The author is Alyson Santoro and she is researching microbes in the nitrogen cycle.

2. The technique the researcher is using that is especially good at recovering delicate sediments is multicoring.

3. After the samples are loaded onto the ship, it is rushed to the cold an to measure oxygen concentration at different depths of the ocean

The name of the research vessel is Melville.

The Four Types of Marine Sediments

Four types of Marine Sediments and where they Derived From

  Lithogenous- Derived from land

Biogenous- derived from organisms

Hydrogenous or Authigenic- derived from water

Cosmogenous- derived from outer space

Marine Science by dewayne401 on GoAnimate

Animation Software - Powered by GoAnimate.

Economic Importance of Marine Sediments

1. What are some products that come from sediments?
* Building Materials for roads and structures
* Toothpaste
* Paint
* Swimming pool filters

2. How much of the world's energy comes from sediments?
* 1/3 of the worlds oil and gas (energy) comes from deposits within sediments of continental
margins

3. How important is sand gravel?
* Valued at more than $510M

Prezi Questions:
1. In what ways are sediments classified

2. List the four types of Marine sediments. Explain the origin of ea.

3. Where are sediments thickest? Are any areas of the ocean floor free of sediments

Island Arcs & Ocean Trenches

1. How and where do ocean trenches form? They form at convergent plate boundaries when one subducts between another.

2. Describe an island arc ? It is bands of islands shaped like An arc because of tectonic and volcanic behavior.

3. What is the deepest trench in the world? The Mariana Trench in the west pacific.

4. What trench does Japan lay next to? The Japan trench.

5. Why do island arcs ARC? (why aren't they a straight line?) It us the results from shapes of plate movement across the earth.

6. My Goanimate.com embedded Video

Abyssal Plains and Hills

1. Abyssal Plains- great stretches of flat surfaces across the ocean floor.

2. AP's are found between the edges of the continents and great underwater mountain ranges.

3. AP's consist of beds of volcanic rock covered in one thousand ft of thick "sediments."

4. AP's cover 1/3 of the earth's surface.

Careers Studying the Oceans

1. A deep-sea biologist and focuses on communities of animals that live on the skeletons of dead whales in the deep sea. Also deep-sea corals and seamount communities. How they evolve, reproduce, etc. They are usually studying near hydrothermal vents at the bottom of the ocean.

2. A geophysicist makes about 80-130,000 a year depending on the degrees, knowledge, and experience. They travel to many places to observe all different locations of the bottom of the ocean never seen by humans. They work with seafloor maps and pictures using software programs to create undersea features.

3. A microbiologist does not get to travel to many places around the globe because their studies are very local. Culls more, for example, studies the titanic which was linked to microbial communities. Their annual salary can be from unpaid to millions depending on discoveries and determination.

4. In order to be a deep-sea ecologist you are required to have the minimum of a doctorate degree. Most have long work hours varying from 12-13 hours a day. The annual salary would be about 40-90K per year.

adaptations of Sea Cave Creatures

1. What are some typical adaptations for these animals, and why?
- ostracods have small eyes
- senses that don't need light to find food
- lack of skin pigment

2. Why is oxygen NOT Plentiful in caves, and how do creatures deal with the lack of oxygen?
- Because there is no photosynthesis and very limited circulation.
- They have sensory body parts that do not need light and are able to swim slowly.
- Low metabolic rates.

3. Why do adaptations occur?
- They occur randomly and may provide an advantage or maybe not.

http://www.google.com/search?q=ostracods+in+aquarium&hl=en&safe=active&client=safari&tbo=d&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=9zQZUddGha2KAqbfgbAC&ved=0CAkQ_AUoAQ&biw=1024&bih=672&surl=1#biv=i|1;d|sQV5o-Ednki28M:

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/facts/cave-adapt.html

Hydrothermal Vents

1.  It was described that there were species without eyes, exotic gardens, hot water geysers are coming out with minerals and nutrients. 
2.  Pacific Ocean
3.  It was about 8/9 feet tall, it bleed like human-like blood, it had no relationship with the normal ocean life, it stunk, looked like beef and red-colored.
4.  Over time, the ions duplicate photosynthesis in the dark, chemically called chemosynthesis. 
5.  All over the world / Earth
6. The underwater volcano might have began in the vents.

Essential Questions-NOAA

• The NOAA stands for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration they map, and manage the waters while updating older charts
• The sonar echo allows the ship to collect information from the sea floors by emitting 3500 pings; however the intensity of the sonar echo can tell if the sea floor is hard, soft, sandy, coral, or other soft plants.
• The R.O.V helps scientist by understanding the sonar data, by sending videos and still images which eventually all is combined.
• These studies are important to society because we need to know what lies beneath our ocean floor, as well as methods of preservation.

Bathymetry

 Bathymetry is the measure of the depth of water in oceans, rivers, or lakes. Bathymetric maps and topographic maps are similar, however topographic map lines connect points of equal elevation. Bathymetric maps show the shape and elevation of land features.
  Oceanographers mapped the ocean in the past by throwing a heavy rope over the side of a ship and recoding the length of rope it took to reach the seafloor, unfortunately the results were inaccurate and incomplete.

They now measure the ocean floor with sonar, which leaves less room for inaccuracy.
 Multibeam echo sounders are effective because they're correct for the movements of the boat at sea which increases the measurement accuracy.

The thousands of seamounts were discovered in the central Pacific Ocean.
 Their measurements navigate and protect marine environments around the globe