The Four Types of Marine Sediments

Four types of Marine Sediments and where they Derived From

  Lithogenous- Derived from land

Biogenous- derived from organisms

Hydrogenous or Authigenic- derived from water

Cosmogenous- derived from outer space

Marine Science by dewayne401 on GoAnimate

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Economic Importance of Marine Sediments

1. What are some products that come from sediments?
* Building Materials for roads and structures
* Toothpaste
* Paint
* Swimming pool filters

2. How much of the world's energy comes from sediments?
* 1/3 of the worlds oil and gas (energy) comes from deposits within sediments of continental
margins

3. How important is sand gravel?
* Valued at more than $510M

Prezi Questions:
1. In what ways are sediments classified

2. List the four types of Marine sediments. Explain the origin of ea.

3. Where are sediments thickest? Are any areas of the ocean floor free of sediments

Island Arcs & Ocean Trenches

1. How and where do ocean trenches form? They form at convergent plate boundaries when one subducts between another.

2. Describe an island arc ? It is bands of islands shaped like An arc because of tectonic and volcanic behavior.

3. What is the deepest trench in the world? The Mariana Trench in the west pacific.

4. What trench does Japan lay next to? The Japan trench.

5. Why do island arcs ARC? (why aren't they a straight line?) It us the results from shapes of plate movement across the earth.

6. My Goanimate.com embedded Video

Abyssal Plains and Hills

1. Abyssal Plains- great stretches of flat surfaces across the ocean floor.

2. AP's are found between the edges of the continents and great underwater mountain ranges.

3. AP's consist of beds of volcanic rock covered in one thousand ft of thick "sediments."

4. AP's cover 1/3 of the earth's surface.

Careers Studying the Oceans

1. A deep-sea biologist and focuses on communities of animals that live on the skeletons of dead whales in the deep sea. Also deep-sea corals and seamount communities. How they evolve, reproduce, etc. They are usually studying near hydrothermal vents at the bottom of the ocean.

2. A geophysicist makes about 80-130,000 a year depending on the degrees, knowledge, and experience. They travel to many places to observe all different locations of the bottom of the ocean never seen by humans. They work with seafloor maps and pictures using software programs to create undersea features.

3. A microbiologist does not get to travel to many places around the globe because their studies are very local. Culls more, for example, studies the titanic which was linked to microbial communities. Their annual salary can be from unpaid to millions depending on discoveries and determination.

4. In order to be a deep-sea ecologist you are required to have the minimum of a doctorate degree. Most have long work hours varying from 12-13 hours a day. The annual salary would be about 40-90K per year.

adaptations of Sea Cave Creatures

1. What are some typical adaptations for these animals, and why?
- ostracods have small eyes
- senses that don't need light to find food
- lack of skin pigment

2. Why is oxygen NOT Plentiful in caves, and how do creatures deal with the lack of oxygen?
- Because there is no photosynthesis and very limited circulation.
- They have sensory body parts that do not need light and are able to swim slowly.
- Low metabolic rates.

3. Why do adaptations occur?
- They occur randomly and may provide an advantage or maybe not.

http://www.google.com/search?q=ostracods+in+aquarium&hl=en&safe=active&client=safari&tbo=d&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=9zQZUddGha2KAqbfgbAC&ved=0CAkQ_AUoAQ&biw=1024&bih=672&surl=1#biv=i|1;d|sQV5o-Ednki28M:

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/facts/cave-adapt.html

Hydrothermal Vents

1.  It was described that there were species without eyes, exotic gardens, hot water geysers are coming out with minerals and nutrients. 
2.  Pacific Ocean
3.  It was about 8/9 feet tall, it bleed like human-like blood, it had no relationship with the normal ocean life, it stunk, looked like beef and red-colored.
4.  Over time, the ions duplicate photosynthesis in the dark, chemically called chemosynthesis. 
5.  All over the world / Earth
6. The underwater volcano might have began in the vents.

Essential Questions-NOAA

• The NOAA stands for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration they map, and manage the waters while updating older charts
• The sonar echo allows the ship to collect information from the sea floors by emitting 3500 pings; however the intensity of the sonar echo can tell if the sea floor is hard, soft, sandy, coral, or other soft plants.
• The R.O.V helps scientist by understanding the sonar data, by sending videos and still images which eventually all is combined.
• These studies are important to society because we need to know what lies beneath our ocean floor, as well as methods of preservation.

Bathymetry

 Bathymetry is the measure of the depth of water in oceans, rivers, or lakes. Bathymetric maps and topographic maps are similar, however topographic map lines connect points of equal elevation. Bathymetric maps show the shape and elevation of land features.
  Oceanographers mapped the ocean in the past by throwing a heavy rope over the side of a ship and recoding the length of rope it took to reach the seafloor, unfortunately the results were inaccurate and incomplete.

They now measure the ocean floor with sonar, which leaves less room for inaccuracy.
 Multibeam echo sounders are effective because they're correct for the movements of the boat at sea which increases the measurement accuracy.

The thousands of seamounts were discovered in the central Pacific Ocean.
 Their measurements navigate and protect marine environments around the globe