Ocean Water and Climate Change

1. Which is more dense: Ocean Water or Fresh Water, and why?

* ocean water is more dense because sea water contains salt which is more dense than normal water.

2. How would global warming change water at the poles and the equator?

* it can effect storm formation by decreasing the temperature difference between the poles and the equator

Surface Water & Global Temperatures

1. Thermal Inertia: San Francisco & Norfolk, Virginia are on the same altitude. Why would Norfolk, compared to San Francisco, have warmer summers and cooler winters?

* Because air n San Francisco has moved over the ocean, while air in Norfolk has approached over land.

2. Describe the different ways temperatures are "moderated" on earth. Without moderate temperatures, earth could not support life as we know it.

*Liquid water at the surface
*Distance from ocean
*Water Vapor
*Higher humidities = moderate temperatures

The Thermal Characteristics of Water

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS pg.156-159


1. Are heat and temperature the same or different? Why?
It is similar because heat determines the temperature, yet it is different because heat depends on the size and mass, while temperature change can be in ANY environment.

2. What is the heat capacity of water?
1gm of water requires 1 calorie of heat to raise its temperature by 1 degree celsius. This is referred to as Specific Heat

3. How is the heat capacity of water unique?
It can hold very large amounts of specific heat!

4. How does water's temperature affect its density?
The warmer the water is, the less dense. The colder the water is, the more dense.

The Chemistry of Water

1. The way water molecules are bonded, each hydrogen nucleus is bound to the central oxygen atom by a pair of e- that are shared between them.

2. The negative charge at the end of a molecule exerts attractions to e- showing the positive and negative charges of water and how they are distributed.

3. Due to surface tension, since the light molecules touch water averaging out to zero, there is no net force on the molecule.

4. I found that the fact that water has the ability to change from a liquid to a solid, also change colors from blue, to white and becoming harder, it's very unique about water and its density.

Sediment Cores and History

1. The author is Alyson Santoro and she is researching microbes in the nitrogen cycle.

2. The technique the researcher is using that is especially good at recovering delicate sediments is multicoring.

3. After the samples are loaded onto the ship, it is rushed to the cold an to measure oxygen concentration at different depths of the ocean

The name of the research vessel is Melville.